The word “fitness” is used synonymously with “physical fitness” in the fields of sports and exercise. “Physical strength” includes not only factors related to athletic ability such as muscle strength and endurance, but also factors related to maintaining health such as immunity, illness, and resilience from injury. Therefore, “Fitness Training” can be rephrased as “health and physical fitness”.
By the way, I think that “Fitness Training” is the work of fitting the physical and mental condition to the person’s target way of life according to each person’s situation. It seems exaggerated, but in order to achieve the goals of life, let’s prepare the “heart and body” that is the basis of it. Therefore, this is by no means one of the sports disciplines, and it is also different from rehabilitation training aimed at recovering the function of local parts. However, it is indispensable for athletes to improve their competitiveness, and it is also necessary for the elderly and people with disabilities to lead a healthy and cultural life and further expand their range of activities. I think that is the case.
Difference from functional training (rehabilitation)
Let me explain a little more concretely, taking as an example a stroke hemiplegia that I usually come in contact with.
When hemiplegic people want training, when asked about their purpose, most people complain that they want to improve their paralyzed limbs, that is, they want to do functional recovery training (rehabilitation).
I think it is important not to give up on the recovery of paralysis, but in reality, it is certain that we cannot hope that paralysis in the chronic phase after a certain period of time will recover suddenly by some kind of training. Moreover, even sports centers for the disabled, such as Yokohama Rapport, are different from medical institutions, so we cannot handle them in terms of functional recovery, and we cannot accept this person’s consultation as it is and create an exercise program.
At this time, I will ask the following question. “What would you like to do if your paralysis improved?”
Surprisingly few people can answer this question immediately, but if there is a person who answers, for example, “I want to go on an overseas trip (I wanted to go)”, we aim to go on an overseas trip (even if there is a disability). I think about building physical strength. Even if the content is the same as what is being done in hospital rehabilitation, such as stamina-making bicycles and squats to strengthen the legs, the method and consciousness will differ greatly by changing goals. I will. I think this is very important for both the counselor and our instructors who will respond.
In this way, it can be said that the difference from medical function recovery training is that local function recovery is not the purpose and that training goals are set in individual social life situations.3. Personalized exercise prescription
When we catch a cold, we buy and take over-the-counter cold remedies at pharmacies, warm up at night and try to go to bed early. This is a general response (program) when you have a cold. However, if you feel that over-the-counter medications do not work, you will go to the hospital and see a doctor. At this time, even if you have a cold with the same symptoms, the doctor will adjust the type and amount of medicine according to the person’s constitution and physique and give it to us, but this is a “prescription” by a specialist.
The same is true for fitness training, especially for those who are at some health risk or have a special purpose, to provide safer and more effective training with more personalized professional exercise. Prescription (determine event, strength, time or frequency, frequency, etc.) is required.
Fitness training practice
By the way, many people are actively continuing training. Here are some typical training program examples by disability.
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Building physical strength for stroke hemiplegia (mainly standing walking level)
For the paralyzed side, stretching exercises to prevent contracture and maintain and improve range of motion are very important. In order to improve walking and prevent back pain, not only the arms and legs but also the flexibility around the waist is indispensable. In addition, since the burden on the healthy side is heavy to supplement the paralysis, we will carry out consciously to prevent injury on the healthy side and recover from fatigue.
Building physical strength for stroke hemiplegia
- Whole body stretch (preparation / organization exercises)
- Increased flexibility
- Improved range of motion
- Preparing for exercise
- Bicycle
- Improve endurance
- Fat burning
- Prevention of contracture of the lower limbs on the paralyzed side
- strength training
- Improvement of whole body muscle strength
- Strengthening balance
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Building physical strength for wheelchair users (spinal cord injury, amputated lower limbs, etc.)
For those who regularly use wheelchairs due to lower limb dysfunction, they use a hand-held bicycle to exercise for stamina and weight loss
Building physical strength for wheelchair users
- Upper limb stretch
- Hand bike
- strength training
- Maintaining an upright posture
- Prevention of contracture of hip and knee joints
- Strengthening bone density
- Improved function of internal organs (especially digestive system)
- Automatic pedaling of lower limbs
- Prevention of contracture of hip and knee joints
- Improved blood circulation in the lower limbs
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Building physical strength for people with lower limb joint dysfunction
For people with osteoarthritis of the hip and knee, consideration varies depending on the period since pain (deformation) begins to appear and the presence or absence of surgery. However, it is common to avoid overloading the joints, so walking and gymnastics in the water is safe and effective if the pool is available.
Lameness often hurt the lower back, and the strain on the opposite leg often results in worsening of both legs, so this is also a preventive measure for strengthening the muscles of the whole body and sufficient areas for stress. It is important to do a good stretch.
Building physical strength for people with lower limb joint dysfunction
- Whole body stretch
- Bicycle
- Underwater walking
- Effect as aerobic exercise
- Strengthening muscle strength by water resistance
- strength training
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Programs for other disabilities
In the case of physical disabilities, risk-free intellectual disabilities, higher brain dysfunction, visual and hearing disabilities, I think it is necessary to devise an environment and a method of presenting issues rather than the contents of the program.
Keywords:
Tips of fitness training
Basic knowledge of fitness training